<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=Windows-1252">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 10 (filtered)">
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Verdana;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
h1
{margin-right:0in;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:24.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
font-weight:bold;}
h2
{margin-right:0in;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
font-weight:bold;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAutoSig, li.MsoAutoSig, div.MsoAutoSig
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p
{margin-right:0in;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
span.EmailStyle19
{font-family:Arial;
color:navy;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue id=MailContainerBody leftmargin=0
topmargin=0 CanvasTabStop=true name="Compose message area">
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I will speak about this at the Governors conference
</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:navy'>January 9 2010</span></font><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>. Come out and support this new upstart industry!</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Regards</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Steve </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=1 color=green face=Verdana><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:green;font-weight:bold'>Think
Green. Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail.</span></font></b><b><font
size=1 color=navy><span style='font-size:7.5pt;color:navy;font-weight:bold'><br>
</span></font></b><font size=1 color=navy face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:navy'><br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Frank Oberle
[mailto:foberle@nemr.net] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, December 29, 2009
11:02 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Kevin Carpenter; John Knudsen;
Jean Herman; Aaron Jeffries; Scott Woodbury; Dwaine Gelnar; Tim Reinbott; Steve
Mowry; Carol Davit; Karen Brinkman; Jon Wingo; John Hoskins; Amy Hamilton; Ted
Cooper; Derrick Roeslein; Wayne Morton; Denny Donnell; Tim Banek; phil wire;
Dave Murphy; Alan Leary; Susan Hazelwood; Ben Duffield; JR Flores; Darlene
Johnson; Andrew Forbes; junge037@umn.edu; Kelly Srigley Werner; Allen Powell;
Gene Gardner; Steve Bruckerhoff; David Erickson; George Seek; John Burk; Steve
Flick; Linda Tossing; Amy Buechler; staceyg@missouri.edu; Eddie Hamill; James
Trager; Steve Heyling; Brent Jamison; Keith Jackson; Jerry Kaiser; Mike
Currier; Bill Bergh; Bill McGuire; Tim Barksdale; DeeCee Darrow; Ken Struemph;
Doug Ladd; Max Alleger; Lisa Allen; rbaskett1@gmail.com; birdofprey@mchsi.com;
bob & dorris sherrick; Roger Still; Rudi Roeslein<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Fw: cellulosics 101</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=7 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:36.0pt;
font-family:Calibri'>FYI: A basic 101 course in "What is
Cellulosics?" And should the conservation community engage into
this important movement? </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div style='font-color:black'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<h1><b><font size=6 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:
Calibri'>Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstocks</span></font></b></h1>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Plants
contain the cellulosic materials <font color=red><span style='color:red'>cellulose</span></font>
and <font color=red><span style='color:red'>hemicellulose.</span></font> These
complex polymers form the structure of plant stalks, leaves, trunks, branches,
and husks. They are also in products made from plants, such as paper.
Cellulosic feedstocks contain sugars within their cellulose and hemicellulose,
but they are more difficult to biochemically convert into ethanol than starch-
and sugar-based feedstocks. Cellulose resists being broken down into its
component sugars. Hemicellulose is easier to break down, but the resulting
sugars are difficult to ferment. The plant compound lignin also resists
biochemical conversion.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Developing
processes to break down these components of biomass economically has been the
focus of research by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other government
and industry groups. Significant progress has resulted in biochemical
conversion processes to break down cellulose and hemicellulose and
thermochemical conversion processes to break down lignin. Together, these
processes could unlock the potential of cellulosic feedstocks for <a
href="http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/production_cellulosic.html"
title="http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/production_cellulosic.html CTRL + Click to follow link">ethanol
production</a>. </span></font><font size=4 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
13.5pt;font-family:Calibri'>Visit the DOE Biomass Program's</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'> <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/deployment.html"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/deployment.html CTRL + Click to follow link">Deployment</a>
page to learn about DOE-supported cellulosic ethanol biorefinery projects and
view a project map.</span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri'><img border=0 width=250 height=200
src="cid:image001.jpg@01CA8883.6164F4E0"
alt="Photo of two farmers in a field of switchgrass."></span></font></p>
</div>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Cellulosic
feedstocks suited to ethanol production include the following:</span></font></p>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'>Agricultural residue</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>—crop residues such
as wheat straw and corn stalks, leaves, and husks </span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'>Forestry residue</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>—logging and mill residues
such as wood chips, sawdust, and pulping liquor </span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'>Grasses</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>—hardy, fast-growing
grasses such as switchgrass grown specifically for ethanol production </span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'>Municipal and other wastes</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>—plant-derived wastes
such as household garbage, paper products, paper pulp, and food-processing
waste </span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'>Trees</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>—fast-growing trees
such as poplar and willow grown specifically for ethanol production </span></font></li>
</ul>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>These
feedstocks have many advantages over starch- and sugar-based feedstocks. They
are much more abundant and thus can be used to produce more substantial amounts
of ethanol to meet U.S. fuel demand. They are waste products or, in the case of
trees and grasses grown specifically for ethanol production, <span
style='background:yellow'>can be grown on marginal lands not suitable for other
crops</span>. Less fossil fuel energy is required to grow/collect them and
convert them to ethanol (see <a
href="http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/balance.html"
title="http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/balance.html CTRL + Click to follow link">Energy
Balance of Ethanol</a>), and they are not human food products.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>However,
limitations on cellulosic feedstock quantities do exist. For example, limits
must be placed on the amount of crop residue removed to protect lands from
erosion and to sustain soil organic carbon. The U.S. Department of
Agriculture's <a
href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/programs/programs.htm?np_code=202&docid=15193"
title="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/programs/programs.htm?np_code=202&docid=15193 CTRL + Click to follow link">Renewable
Energy Assessment Project</a> is determining the amount of residue needed to
protect the soil resource, comparing economic implications of using stover as a
bioenergy feedstock versus a source of carbon to build soil organic carbon, and
providing harvest rate recommendations and guidelines.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>To
learn more, see the DOE Biomass Program's <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/abcs_biofuels.html#feed"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/abcs_biofuels.html#feed CTRL + Click to follow link">Bioethanol
Feedstocks</a> page.</span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri'><img border=0 width=373 height=17
src="cid:image002.gif@01CA8883.6164F4E0" class=subhead from? made ethanol
cellulosic is alt?What></span></font></p>
</div>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Ethanol
is used as a fuel in many countries, including Brazil, where it is produced
from sugar cane and in the United States, where fuel grade ethanol is produced
from corn. However, neither of these sources is cellulosic ethanol.</span></font><font
size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
background:yellow'> Mascoma’s</span></font><font face=Calibri><span
style='font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'> transformative technology uses
yeast and bacteria to produce ethanol from non-food agricultural and forestry
materials sources such as</span></font><font face=Calibri><span
style='font-family:Calibri'> <span style='background:yellow'>switchgrass, wood,
and agricultural waste.</span> These sustainable raw materials are known as
"feedstocks” or “<span class=bold>cellulosic biomass</span>”. </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri'><img border=0 width=309 height=17
src="cid:image003.gif@01CA8883.6164F4E0" class=subhead ethanol cellulosic is
made? alt?How></span></font></p>
</div>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>All
plants convert solar energy into strongly linked chains of sugar known as
cellulose. Anyone who has ever made beer knows that yeast can make ethanol from
sugar. Yeast, however, cannot easily convert the sugar in cellulose to ethanol
without the chains first being broken down into simple sugars. There are two
principle approaches to breaking the cellulose chains into sugars. </span></font></p>
<p><span class=bold><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'>Thermochemical</span></font></span><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'> conversion</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'> involves the breaking down of
biomass into a mixture of gases and then converting the gasses into ethanol. Although
thermochemical conversional is a simpler and relatively mature technology, <span
style='background:yellow'>it requires significant capital and energy expenses.</span></span></font></p>
<p><span class=bold><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;background:yellow'>Biochemical</span></font></span><font
size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
background:yellow'> methods rely on the use of enzymes to break down the
cellulose into sugar</span></font><font size=5 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>. Where do these enzymes come
from? In Nature, organisms such as termites live on sugars derived from
cellulose. Similar to humans, the digestive system of a termite requires
bacteria to digest food. But in the case of <font color=red><span
style='color:red'>termites,</span></font> the resident bacteria produce special
enzymes that can break down cellulose into simple sugars that are used to fuel
the termite’s body. In industry, the enzymes used to break down the
cellulose into sugars come from yeast and bacteria which then also ferment the
sugar into ethanol. </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri'><img border=0 width=262 height=17
src="cid:image004.gif@01CA8883.6164F4E0" class=subhead is alt?What Ethanol?
Cellulosic></span></font></p>
</div>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>No
one knows the first use of ethanol (or alcohol) by humans but the discovery of
stone-age beer containers suggests that the earliest fermentations were carried
out about 12,000 years ago. From early production of wine and beer to fuel for
Indy Race Cars, we are all familiar with ethanol. </span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Ethanol’s
energy is derived from plants that in turn obtain their energy from the sun. In
this way, ethanol acts as a means of storing solar power in liquid form. <span
class=bold>Cellulosic ethanol</span> is ethanol that is obtained from the
non-edible portion of plant material. Cellulosic ethanol is identical in
composition and performance to ethanol derived from corn or sugar cane. Cellulosic
ethanol, however, has important environmental, economic and sustainability
advantages over conventional sources due to its source and method of
production. </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri'><img border=0 width=415 height=21
src="cid:image005.gif@01CA8883.6164F4E0" class=subhead is alt?What
Bioprocessing(CBP)? Consolidated></span></font><font size=5 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Calibri'> (From Mascoma Corporation
web site)</span></font></p>
</div>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>In
nature, there are few strains of yeast or bacteria capable of directly and
efficiently producing ethanol from cellulosic biomass. The unique technology
developed by Mascoma Corporation uses yeast and bacteria that are engineered to
produce large quantities of the enzymes necessary to break down the cellulose
and ferment the resulting sugars into ethanol. Combining these two steps
(enzymatic digestion and fermentation) significantly reduces costs by
eliminating the need for enzyme produced in a separate refinery. <span
style='background:yellow'>This process, called <span class=bold>Consolidated</span></span><span
class=bold> <span style='background:yellow'>Bioprocessing or “CBP”</span></span><span
style='background:yellow'>,</span> will ultimately enable the conversion of the
solar energy contained in plants to ethanol in just a few days. This represents
a vastly different time scale than the fossil fuels we use today which required
millions of years to be formed from decomposing plants and animals.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Technological
barriers to achieve CBP have been overcome by dedication and innovation.
Mascoma Corporation recently announced major advances in CBP, which were
heralded by biofuels expert Bruce Dale as “a true breakthrough that takes
us much, much closer to billions of gallons of low-cost cellulosic biofuels.
Many had thought that CBP was years or even decades away, but the future just
arrived.</span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><font size=7 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:36.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>The
Biomass Program</span></font><font face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>
uses the terms "Demonstration and Deployment" to describe
on-the-ground activities, including biorefinery plant construction and
operation. Engaging in actual fuel and co-product refining is a key segment of
the Program's work toward increased biofuels production and use. In partnership
with industry, deployment activities engage participants across a variety of
available technologies and feedstocks, in the quest to develop clean,
affordable, sustainable alternative fuels.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'><map
name=MicrosoftOfficeMap0><area shape=Rect
coords="6, 36, 80, 148" href="/biomass/feedstocks_sustainable_production.html"
alt="Sustainable feedstock production includes all of the steps required to produce biomass feedstocks to the point they are ready to be collected or harvested from the field or forest."><area
shape=Rect coords="99, 35, 174, 147" href="/biomass/feedstocks_logistics.html"
alt="Feedstock logistics encompasses all of the unit operations necessary to move biomass feedstocks from the land to the biorefinery."><area
shape=Rect coords="190, 36, 265, 147" href="/biomass/processing_conversion.html"
alt="Biological matter is used to produce transportation fuels, chemicals, and heat and power."><area
shape=Rect coords="285, 36, 364, 147" href="/biomass/plant-to-pump.html"
alt="Biofuels Infrastructure moves the fuel from a biorefining plant to the pump."><area
shape=Rect coords="383, 35, 463, 147" href="/biomass/markets.html"
alt="Bioenergy is used to power today's vehicles."></map><img border=0
width=471 height=167 src="cid:image006.jpg@01CA8883.6164F4E0"
usemap="#MicrosoftOfficeMap0"
alt="Biomass to Biofuels supply chain diagram with red highlight of biofuels production segment: Feedstock production (picture of two men in a field of switchgrass), feedstock logistics (picture of combine harvester in corn field), biofuels production (picture of biorefinery), biofuels distribution (picture of fuel pump for E85), biofuels end use (picture of car)."></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Information
about the Biomass Program's complementary Research and Development activities,
including detailed discussion of internal <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/integrated_biorefineries.html"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/integrated_biorefineries.html CTRL + Click to follow link">biorefinery</a>
and infrastructure efforts, can be found on this Web site's <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/technologies.html"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/technologies.html CTRL + Click to follow link">Technologies</a>
page.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Information
about current funding opportunities for Demonstration and Deployment can be
found on this Web site's <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/financial_opportunities.html"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/financial_opportunities.html CTRL + Click to follow link">Financial
Opportunities</a> page.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Map
of DOE Cellulosic Biorefinery Deployment Projects <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/biofuels_project_locations.pdf"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/biofuels_project_locations.pdf CTRL + Click to follow link">(PDF
104 KB)</a></span></font></p>
<h2><b><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:
Calibri'>Integrated Cellulosic Biorefineries</span></font></b></h2>
<p><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
background:yellow'>On February 28, 2007, DOE </span></font><font face=Calibri><span
style='font-family:Calibri'><a href="http://www.energy.gov/news/4827.htm"
title="http://www.energy.gov/news/4827.htm CTRL + Click to follow link"><font
size=5 title="http://www.energy.gov/news/4827.htm CTRL + Click to follow link"><span
style='font-size:18.0pt;background:yellow'>selected six biorefinery projects</span></font></a></span></font><font
size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
background:yellow'> to develop commercial-scale integrated biorefineries</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'> demonstrating the use of a wide
variety of cellulosic feedstocks such as corn fiber, wood wastes, agriculture
residues, municipal solid wastes and potential energy crops. The goal is to
demonstrate that integrated biorefineries can operate profitably once their
construction costs are covered and can be replicated. </span></font><font
size=4 color=red face=Calibri><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:red'>DOE will invest up to $385 million</span></font><font face=Calibri><span
style='font-family:Calibri'> in the six projects over the next four years. When
fully operational, these facilities will be capable of producing more than 130
million gallons of ethanol per year. </span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>While
the refining process for cellulosic ethanol is more complex than that of
corn-based ethanol, cellulosic ethanol yields a somewhat greater net energy
benefit and results in lower greenhouse gas emissions. Of the six selected
companies, four</span></font><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>—</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>BlueFire Ethanol, Inc., Poet,
Iogen Biorefinery Partners, and Abengoa Bioenergy</span></font><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>—</span></font><font
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>will principally utilize
biochemical processes to free the sugars from the biomass and then ferment them
into alcohol. The two remaining companies, Range Fuels and Alico plan to use
thermochemical processes to first gasify the biomass into a "synthesis
gas." The synthesis gas will then be further converted to biofuels.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Current
information about the projects and partner companies can be found on this Web
site's <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/past_solicitations.html#Integrated_Cellulosic_Biorefineries"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/past_solicitations.html#Integrated_Cellulosic_Biorefineries CTRL + Click to follow link">Financial
Opportunities</a> page.</span></font></p>
<h2><b><font size=5 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:
Calibri'>Ten Percent Validation - Small-Scale Cellulosic Biorefineries</span></font></b></h2>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>On
January 29, 2008, the Department of Energy (DOE) <a
href="http://www.energy.gov/news/5903.htm"
title="http://www.energy.gov/news/5903.htm CTRL + Click to follow link">announced
it will provide up to $114 million</a>, over four years, to support the
development of small-scale cellulosic biorefineries. The projects will develop
biorefineries at 10% of commercial scale that produce liquid transportation
fuels as well as biobased chemicals and bioproducts used in industrial
applications. Projects selected to negotiate awards will use novel approaches
and a variety of cellulosic feedstocks to test new conversion processes.
Combined with industry cost share, more than $331 million will be invested in these
four projects.</span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri'>Current
information about the projects and partner companies can be found on this Web
site's <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/past_solicitations.html#Ten_Percent"
title="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/past_solicitations.html#Ten_Percent CTRL + Click to follow link">Financial
Opportunities</a> page.</span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<br><hr>I am using the Free version of <a href="http://www.spamfighter.com/len">SPAMfighter</a>.<br />We are a community of 6 million users fighting spam.<br />SPAMfighter has removed 3651 of my spam emails to date.<br />The Professional version does not have this message.<br />
</BODY>
</html>